India's Dismal R&D Scenario

India's R&D investment is dismal 0.5-0.8% of the GDP for past 15 years. This is way below EU average of 1.76% and World average of 1.78%.

R&D investment (UNESCO Institute of Statistics) in PPP terms (2018)

  1. USA - $476.5 billion (2.7%)
  2. PR China - $370.6 billion
  3. Japan - $170.5 billion
  4. Germany - $109.8 billion
  5. South Korea - $73.2 billion (4.3% - Highest in the World)
  6. France - $60.8 billion
  7. India - $48.1 billion (0.7%)
  8. UK - $44.2 billion
  9. Brazil - $42.1 billion
  10. Russia - $39.8 billion

In the $48 billion investment, private invested $17 billion, Govt invested $29 billion and universities $2 billion. Based on the report released by WIPO, total patents filed by Indians in 2017 are 27985 among those only 7496 are granted. India has just 156 R&D professionals per million population, whereas for US it is 4300 and for China it is around 1180. According to an OECD report, in 2014 people graduated with a PhD in India is 24300, which is 4th largest in the World. India govt should bring policies like China so that India engineers and scientists can pursue their research and development in the country.

Meo et al. (2019) examined the research growth on medical education by Asian countries during 1965-2015. China is on top, followed by India, japan, Israel, Georgia. Asian countries collectively published 12721799 research articles, among them 40628 (0.31%) publications were in medical education. China contributed total of 3351565 articles among which 5414 (0.16%) research articles were in medical education; India added 1328725 papers with 4563 (0.34%) in medical education; Japan produced 3080257 papers with 4199 (0.13%) in medical education.

A total of 4875829 documents published Worldwide as indexed in SJR (Scimago Journal & Country Rank) in 2020. China topped the list with 788287 documents (16.17%), followed by USA (766789, 15.73%), UK (249408, 5.12%) and India (217771, 4.47%).

THE (Times Higher Education) World university Ranking 2020 listed 1396 universities of 92 countries, USA has been on top with 172 (12.32%) universities, followed by Japan (100), China (81) and India (56). In 2021 ranking, India has highest number of new entrants (14) with total 63 institutions.

In WIPO's Global Innovation Index, India jumped 33 spots in last 5 years.

  • 2015 - #81
  • 2016 - #66
  • 2017 - #60
  • 2018 - #57
  • 2019 - #52
  • 2020 - #48
India's ranking mainly decided by 3 parameters
1. Quality of Universities (22nd based on QS Rankings)
2. Quality of Scientific Publication (21st just above Russia)
3. The H-Index of citable documents

By 2020, India has just 26 companies out of Top 2500 Global R&D spenders in the World. In contrast, 438 Chinese companies featured in the same list. India has 164 brands in Top 5000, led by TATA Group.

But there is a positive side. R&D hubs of Global MNCs, known as "Global Capability Centre" (GCC) has generated revenue of US$ 28.3 billion in FY19, up from US$ 19.5 billion in FY15. India is home to over 1750 GCCs of 1250 MNCs, which amounts 50% of all such centers globally. Bengaluru has 34% GCCs and 37% of GCC talent pools. 



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