India's increasing energy needs

India's proven reserve is around 4.73 billion barrels (0.3% of the World). This reserve can only sustain 2.9 years based on India's current consumption. India's current crude oil production is 1.01 million barrels per day (7.8% of proven reserves). In FY20, India's crude oil production was 30.5 MMT. This means India's 96% of petroleum needs are mitigated through imports.


India's refining capacity is 249.37 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum) of crude oil. This has increased 4 times compared to 62 MMTPA in 1998. Reliance's Jamnagar Refinery has current capacity of 35.2 MMTPA, which is largest in the World.

The top nations in terms of oil refining capacity (million barrels per day) are-


India consumes 4.44 million barrels per day as of 2016. So the excess oil India exports to other nations. Refined oil is India's largest export.
But to protect India's energy security, strategic reserves were planned. To manage the strategic reserves, ISPRL (Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited) was founded in 2005. The first of such kind was planned in Sweden. ISPRL maintains emergency fuel reserve of total 5.53 MMT (million metric tonnes) or 36.92 million barrels. Major 3 reserves opened are Vizag (1.33 MMT), Mangalore (1.5 MMT) and Padur (2.5 MMT), opened during  2015-18. 2 more strategic reserves are opened up in Padur and Jajpur. Indian refiners have 65 days of storage. Existing 5.33 MMT can serve India's oil requirement for 9.5 days. It is way less compared to 88 MMT strategic reserves of USA and 44 MMT of China.

India's current gas pipeline infrastructure stood at 16981 km.

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