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India's Ballistic Missile Submarine - 40 years of perseverance
INS Arihant was developed under Advanced Technology Vessel Programme (ATVP). It was began by Mrs. Indira Gandhi on 1974, and became a serious effort in 1985. It spawned a new era in the field of cooperation between DRDO, BARC, Navy, PSUs and private industry in which these organizations synergized their efforts to achieve a significant technological and strategic milestone. The Arihant class( nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines)- INS Arihant (S2), INS Arighat (S3) are built for the Indian Navy by Navy Shipbuilding Centre, Visakhapatnam. The miniaturized naval version of the reactor of 80MWe was designed and built by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) at the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) in Kalpakkam. The prototype reactor became critical on 11 November 2003 and was declared operational on 22 September 2006. Several companies supplied components of the reactor. High grade steel supplied by Heavy Engineering Corporation, Ranchi was used to build the...
India's Dismal R&D Scenario
India's R&D investment is dismal 0.5-0.8% of the GDP for past 15 years. This is way below EU average of 1.76% and World average of 1.78%. R&D investment (UNESCO Institute of Statistics) in PPP terms (2018) USA - $476.5 billion (2.7%) PR China - $370.6 billion Japan - $170.5 billion Germany - $109.8 billion South Korea - $73.2 billion (4.3% - Highest in the World) France - $60.8 billion India - $48.1 billion (0.7%) UK - $44.2 billion Brazil - $42.1 billion Russia - $39.8 billion In the $48 billion investment, private invested $17 billion, Govt invested $29 billion and universities $2 billion. Based on the report released by WIPO, total patents filed by Indians in 2017 are 27985 among those only 7496 are granted. India has just 156 R&D professionals per million population, whereas for US it is 4300 and for China it is around 1180. According to an OECD report, in 2014 people graduated with a PhD in India is 24300, which is 4th largest in the World. India govt should bring ...

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