India's Power Sector

Around 700 million people in India gained access to electricity between 2000 and 2018. The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) of UPA and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) of NDA helped India to achieve this target. Indian installed capacity was mere 159.4 GW as on 31 March 2010 which grew 2.35 times in next 10 years to 370 GW by 31 March 2020.

As of 31 March 2020, India has World's 3rd largest installed capacity. Electricity production reached 1,252.61 billion units (BU) in FY20. India was ranked fourth in wind power (38.1 GW), fifth in solar power (35.7 GW) and fourth in renewable power installed capacity as of Mar 2020. The total installed renewable power is 132 GW (32%) and excluding hydropower is 82 GW (22%).

India ranked sixth in the list of countries to make significant investments in clean energy at US$ 90 billion. After signing the Paris Climate Deal, India is committed to install 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022.

Between April 2000 and March 2020, the power industry attracted US$ 14.98 billion in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), that's 3% of total FDI.

India's power deficit dropped to a historical low of less than 1% in FY17, lowest since CEA (Central Electricity Authority) maintaining reports since FY 1992. India's power supply deficit stood at 0.5% at the end of March for the financial year 2019-20, and the peak power deficit stood at 0.7%, according to the data published by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA).

India's North Eastern and Eastern grids were connected in 1991. In Aug 2006, North and East grids were integrated. The southern grid was connected with the existing central grid in Dec 2013. Thus completed the "One Nation One Grid and One Frequency' target.

 India has 163743 ckm long Transmission lines according to Powergrid data. As of May 2019, above 220 kV transmission line stood at 414858 ckm and substation capacity with 885908MVA AC and 22500MW DC.

The major HVDC projects in India are -

  1. Vindyachal project (1989)
  2. Talcher - Kolar Project (June 2003, 1369 km)
  3. Biswanath Chairali - Agra (2015, 1728 km)
  4. Mundra - Mohindergarh (2012, 986 km)
  5. Pugalur - Raigarh (2021, 1830 km)

India's per capita CO2 emission (2020) is at 1.6 tonnes (much less than Global average of 4.4 tonnes). But the total is around 2.45 gigatonnes (6.4% of Global share).

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